Cheat Sheets
Vim

Getting Started

Motion Diagrams {.row-span-2}

▼/▶ Cursor   ▽/▷ Target

Left-right motions

┌───────────── |      
├───────────── 0      $ ──────────────┐ 
│  ┌────────── ^      fe ────────┐    │
│  │  ┌─────── Fo     te ───────┐│    │
│  │  │┌────── To     30| ───┐  ││    │
│  │  ││ ┌──── ge     w ───┐ │  ││    │
│  │  ││ │ ┌── b      e ─┐ │ │  ││    │
│  │  ││ │ │  ┌h      l┐ │ │ │  ││    │
▽  ▽  ▽▽ ▽ ▽  ▽▼      ▼▽ ▽ ▽ ▽  ▽▽    ▽
   echo "A cheatsheet from quickref.me"

Up-down motions

                 - SCREEN 1 START
   ┌─┬─────────▷ #!/usr/bin/python
   │ │     ┌───▷     
   │ │     │     print("Hello")
   │ │     { } ▶ print("Vim")
   │ │       │   print("!")
   │ │       └─▷    
   │ │ ┌───┬───▷ print("Welcome")
G gg H M L k j ▶ print("to")
│        │   └─▷ print("cheatsheets.zip")
│        │       print("/vim")
│        │     
│        └─────▷ 
│                - SCREEN 1 END
└──────────────▷ print("SCREEN 2")

Motions {.row-span-2}

ShortcutDescription
h | j | k | lArrow keys
<C-u> / <C-d>Half-page up/down
<C-b> / <C-f>Page up/down
{.shortcuts}

Words{.left-text}

ShortcutDescription
b / wPrevious/Next word
ge / ePrevious/Next end of word
{.shortcuts}

Line

ShortcutDescription
0 (zero) / $Start/End of line
^Start of line (non-blank)
{.shortcuts}

Character

ShortcutDescription
Fe / feMove to previous/next e
To / toMove before/after previous/next o
`_/_n
{.shortcuts}

Document

ShortcutDescription
gg / GFirst/Last line
:n | nGGo to line n
} / {Next/Previous empty line
{.shortcuts}

Window

ShortcutDescription
H / M / LTop/Middle/Bottom screen
zt / zz / zbTop/Center/Bottom this line
{.shortcuts}

Insert Mode

ShortcutDescription
i / aInsert before/after cursor
I / AInsert start/end of line
o / O (letter)Insert new line below/above
s / SDelete char/line and insert
C / ccChange to end of/current line
giInsert at last insert point
Esc | <C-[>Exit insert mode
{.shortcuts}

Saving and Exiting

ShortcutDescription
:wSave
:qClose file
:wq | :x | ZZSave and quit
:wqaSave and quit all files
:q! | ZQForce quit
:qaClose all files
:qa!Force quit all files
:w now.txtWrite to now.txt
:sav new.txtSave and edit new.txt
:w !sudo tee %Write to readonly file
{.shortcuts}

Normal Mode

ShortcutDescription
rReplace one character
REnter Replace mode
u / 3uUndo changes 1 / 3 times
UUndo changes on one line
JJoin with next line
<C-r> / 5 <C-r>Redo changes 1 / 5 times
{.shortcuts}

Cut and paste {.row-span-2}

ShortcutDescription
xDelete character (Cut)
p / PPaste after/before
xpSwap two characters
DDelete to end of line (Cut)
dwDelete word (Cut)
ddDelete line (Cut)
ddpSwap two lines
yyYank line (Copy)
"*p | "+pPaste from system clipboard
"*y | "+yPaste to system clipboard
{.shortcuts}

In visual mode

ShortcutDescription
d | xDelete selection (Cut)
sReplace selection
yYank selection (Copy)
{.shortcuts}

Repeating

ShortcutDescription
.Repeat last command
;Repeat latest f, t, F or T
,Repeat latest f, t, F or T reversed
&Repeat last :s
@:Repeat a command-line command
{.shortcuts}

Visual mode

ShortcutDescription
vEnter visual mode
VEnter visual line mode
<C-v>Enter visual block mode
ggVGSelect all text
> / <Shift text right/left

{.shortcuts}

Macros

--
qiRecord macro i
qStop recording macro
@iRun macro i
7@iRun macro i 7 times
@@Repeat last macro
{.shortcuts}

You can save macro for any letters not just i

Vim Operators

Usage {.secondary}

ShortcutDescription
dw
OperatorMotion

Combine operators with motions to use them

Available Operators {.row-span-2}

ShortcutDescription
dDelete
yYank (copy)
cChange (delete then insert)
pPaste
=Formats code
g~Toggle case
gUUppercase
guLowercase
>Indent right
<Indent left
!Filter through external program

Examples {.row-span-2}

CombinationDescription
ddDelete current line
djDelete two lines
dwDelete to next word
dbDelete to beginning of word
dfaDelete until a char
d/helloDelete until hello
ccChange current line, synonym with S
yyCopy current line
>jIndent 2 lines
ggdGDelete a complete document
gg=GIndent a complete document
ggyGCopy a whole document
{.show-header}

Counts

[count] <operator> <motion>
<operator> [count] <motion>
CombinationDescription
2ddDelete 2 lines
6yyCopy 6 lines
d3wDelete 3 words
d5jDelete 5 lines downwards
>4kIndent 4 lines upwards

Vim Text objects

Usage {.secondary}

ShortcutDescription-
v        i / ap
Operatorinner / aroundText object

Operate with an operator inner or around text blocks

Text objects {.row-span-2}

ShortcutDescription
pParagraph
wWord
WWORD
(surrounded by whitespace)
sSentence
[ ( { <A [], (), or {} block
] ) } >A [], (), or {} block
' " `A quoted string
bA block [(
BA block in [{
tA HTML tag block

See :help text-objects

Delete

ShortcutDescription
diwDelete inner word
disDelete inner sentence
di"Delete in quotes
da"Delete in quotes (including quotes)
dipDelete a paragraph

Selections

ShortcutDescription
vi"Select inner quotes "...{.underline}"
va"Select quotes "..."{.underline}
vi[Select inner brackets [...{.underline}]
va[Select brackets [...]{.underline}
viwSelect inner word
vipSelect inner paragraph
vipipSelect more paragraph

Misc

ShortcutDescription
ciwChange inner word
ci"Change inner quotes
citChange inner tags (HTML)
cipChange inner paragraph
yipYank inner paragraph
yapYank paragraph (including newline)

Vim Multiple files

Buffers

--
:e fileEdit a file in a new buffer
:bnGo to the next buffer
:bpGo to the previous buffer
:bdRemove file from buffer list
:b 5Open buffer #5
:b fileGo to a buffer by file
:lsList all open buffers
:sp fileOpen and split window
:vs fileOpen and vertically split window
:hidHide this buffer
:wnWrite file and move to next
:tab baEdit all buffers as tabs

Windows

--
<C-w> sSplit window
<C-w> vSplit window vertically
<C-w> wSwitch windows
<C-w> qQuit a window
<C-w> TBreak out into a new tab
<C-w> xSwap current with next
<C-w> - / +Decrease/Increase height
<C-w> < / >Decrease/Increase width
<C-w> ``
<C-w> =Equally high and wide
<C-w> h / lGo to the left/right window
<C-w> j / kGo to the up/down window
{.shortcuts}

Tabs

ShortcutDescription
:tabe [file]Edit file in a new tab
:tabf [file]Open if exists in new tab
:tabcClose current tab
:taboClose other tabs
:tabsList all tabs
:tabrGo to first tab
:tablGo to last tab
:tabm 0Move to position 0
:tabnGo to next tab
:tabpGo to previous tab

Normal mode

ShortcutDescription
gtGo to next tab
gTGo to previous tab
2gtGo to tab number 2
{.shortcuts}

Vim Search and Replace

Search

--
/fooSearch forward
/foo\cSearch forward (case insensitive)
?fooSearch backward
/\v\d+Search with regex
nNext matching search pattern
NPrevious match
*Search for current word forward
#Search for current word backward
{.shortcuts}

Replace LINE

:[range]s/{pattern}/{str}/[flags]
:s/old/newReplace first
:s/old/new/gReplace all
:s/\vold/new/gReplace all with regex
:s/old/new/gcreplace all (Confirm)
:s/old/new/iIgnore case replace first
:2,6s/old/new/gReplace between lines 2-6

Replace FILE

:%s/{pattern}/{str}/[flags]
:%s/old/newReplace first
:%s/old/new/gReplace all
:%s/old/new/gcReplace all (Confirm)
:%s/old/new/giReplace all (ignore case)
:%s/\vold/new/gReplace all with regex

Ranges {.row-span-2}

--
%Entire file
’<,’>Current selection
5Line 5
5,10Lines 5 to 10
$Last line
2,$Lines 2 to Last
.Current line
,3Next 3 lines
-3,Forward 3 lines

Global command {.row-span-2}

:[range]g/{pattern}/[command]
:g/foo/dDelete lines containing foo
:g!/foo/dDelete lines not containing foo
:g/^\s*$/dDelete all blank lines
:g/foo/t$Copy lines containing foo to EOF
:g/foo/m$Move lines containing foo to EOF
:g/^/m0Reverse a file
:g/^/t.Duplicate every line

Inverse :g

:[range]v/{pattern}/[command]
:v/foo/dDelete lines not containing foo
(also :g!/foo/d)

Flags

--
gReplace all occurrences
iIgnore case
IDon't ignore case
cConfirm each substitution

Substitute expression (magic)

--
& | \0Replace with the whole matched
\1...\9Replace with the group 0-9
\uUppercase next letter
\UUppercase following characters
\lLowercase next letter
\LLowercase following characters
\eEnd of \u, \U, \l and \L
\EEnd of \u, \U, \l and \L

Examples {.col-span-2}

:s/a\|b/xxx\0xxx/g		         # Modifies "a b"      to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx"
:s/test/\U& file/                # Modifies "test"     to "TEST FILE"
:s/\(test\)/\U\1\e file/         # Modifies "test"     to "TEST file"
:s/\v([abc])([efg])/\2\1/g	     # Modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb"
:s/\v\w+/\u\0/g		             # Modifies "bla bla"  to "Bla Bla"
:s/\v([ab])|([cd])/\1x/g         # Modifies "a b c d"  to "ax bx x x"
:%s/.*/\L&/                      # Modifies "HTML"     to "html"
:s/\v<(.)(\w*)/\u\1\L\2/g        # Make every first letter of a word uppercase
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1/\1/              # Remove duplicate lines
:%s/<\/\=\(\w\+\)\>/\U&/g        # Convert HTML-Tags to uppercase
:g/^pattern/s/$/mytext           # Find and append text to the end
:g/pattern/norm! @i              # Run a macro on matching lines
/^\(.*\)\(\r\?\n\1\)\+$          # View the duplicates lines
/\v^(.*)(\r?\n\1)+$              # View the duplicates lines (very magic)
:v/./,/./-j                      # Compress blank lines into a blank line
:g/<p1>/,/<p2>/d                 # Delete inclusively from <p1> to <p2>

Vimdiff

Usage {.secondary}

 
$ vimdiff file1 file2 [file3]
$ vim -d file1 file2 [file3]

Editing {.row-span-2}

:[range]diffget [bufspec]
:[range]diffput [bufspec]
ShortcutDescription
do / :diffgetObtain (get) difference
dp / :diffputPut difference
:difRe-scan differences
:diffoSwitch off diff mode
:1,$+1diffgetGet all differences
ZQQuit without changes
{.shortcuts}

See: Ranges

Folds {.row-span-2}

ShortcutDescription
zo / zOOpen
zc / zCClose
za / zAToggle
zvOpen folds for this line
zMClose all
zROpen all
zmFold more (foldlevel += 1)
zrFold less (foldlevel -= 1)
zxUpdate folds
{.shortcuts}

Jumping


ShortcutDescription
]cNext difference
[cPrevious difference
{.shortcuts}

Miscellaneous

Case {.row-span-2}

ShortcutDescription
vUUppercase character
vuLowercase character
~Toggle case character
viw UUppercase word
viw uLowercase word
viw ~Toggle case word
VU / gUUUppercase line
Vu / guuLowercase line
V~ / g~~Toggle case line
gggUGUppercase all text
ggguGLowercase all text
ggg~GToggle case all text
{.shortcuts}

Jumping

ShortcutDescription
<C-o>Go back to previous
<C-i>Go forward
gfGo to file in cursor
gaDisplay hex, ascii value
{.shortcuts}

Misc command-lines {.row-span-2}

--
:hHelp open help view
:edit!Reload current file
:2,8m0Move lines 2-8 to 0
:nohClear search highlights
:sortSort lines
:terOpen a terminal window
:set pasteEnable Insert Paste sub-mode
:set nopastedisable Insert Paste sub-mode
:cqExiting with an error
(aborting Git)

Navigating

ShortcutDescription
%Nearest/matching {[()]}
[( | [{Previous ( or {
]) | ]{Next ) or }
[mPrevious method start
[MPrevious method end
{.shortcuts}

Counters

ShortcutDescription
<C-a>Increase number
<C-x>Decrease number
{.shortcuts}

Tags {.row-span-2 .col-span-2}

ShortcutDescription
:tag ClassnameJump to first definition of Classname
<C-]>Jump to definition
g]See all definitions
<C-t>Go back to last tag
<C-o> <C-i>Back/forward
:tselect ClassnameFind definitions of Classname
:tjump ClassnameFind definitions of Classname (auto-select 1st)
{.shortcuts}

Formatting

--
:ce 8Center lines between 8 columns
:ri 4Right-align lines at 4 columns
:leLeft-align lines

See :help formatting

Marks {.col-span-2 .row-span-4}

ShortcutDescription
`^Last position of cursor in insert mode
`.Last change in current buffer
`"Last exited current buffer
`0In last file edited
''Back to line in current buffer where jumped from
``Back to position in current buffer where jumped from
`[To beginning of previously changed or yanked text
`]To end of previously changed or yanked text
`<To beginning of last visual selection
`>To end of last visual selection

| ma | Mark this cursor position as a | | `a | Jump to the cursor position a | | 'a | Jump to the beginning of the line with position a | | d'a | Delete from current line to line of mark a | | d`a | Delete from current position to position of mark a | | c'a | Change text from current line to line of a | | y`a | Yank text from current position to position of a |

| :marks | List all current marks | | :delm a | Delete mark a | | :delm a-d | Delete marks a, b, c, d | | :delm abc | Delete marks a, b, c | {.shortcuts}

Calculator

ShortcutDescription
<C-r> = 7*7Shows the result
<C-r> = 10/2Shows the result
{.shortcuts}

Do this in INSERT mode

Shell

--
:!<shell>Interpret Shell Command
:r!<shell>Read in output of shell
:r!dateInsert date
:!!dateReplace current line with date

Command line

ShortcutDescription
<C-r><C-w>Insert current word into the command line
<C-r>"Paste from " register
<C-x><C-f>Auto-completion of path in insert mode
{.shortcuts}

Tricks

Remove duplicate lines

:sort | %!uniq -u

To number the lines in the file

:%!cat -n

Copy whole doc to clipboard

:%w !pbcopy            # Mac OS X
:%w !xclip -i -sel c   # GNU/Linux
:%w !xsel -i -b        # GNU/Linux

Also see

CheatSheetsFlutter D-Bug Tag Removal