Programming
HTML

Getting Started

hello.html {.col-span-2 .row-span-2}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>HTML5 Boilerplate</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello world, hello CheatSheets.zip!</h1>
</body>
</html>

Or try it out in the jsfiddle (opens in a new tab)

Comment

<!-- this is a comment -->
 
<!--
    Or you can comment out a
    large number of lines.
-->

Paragraph

<p>I'm from CheatSheets.zip</p>
<p>Share quick reference cheat sheet.</p>

See: The Paragraph element (opens in a new tab)

HTML link

<a href="https://cheatsheets.zip">CheatSheets</a>
<a href="mailto:jack@abc.com">Email</a>
<a href="tel:+12345678">Call</a>
<a href="sms:+12345678&body=ha%20ha">Msg</a>
hrefThe URL that the hyperlink points to
relRelationship of the linked URL
targetLink target location:
_self, _blank, _top, _parent
{.left-text}

See: The <a> Attributes (opens in a new tab)

Image Tag

<img loading="lazy" src="https://xxx.png" alt="Describe image here" width="400" height="400">
srcRequired, Image location (URL | Path)
altDescribe of the image
widthWidth of the image
heightHeight of the image
loadingHow the browser should load
{.left-text}

See: The Image Embed element (opens in a new tab)

Text Formatting Tags

<b>Bold Text</b>
<strong>This text is important</strong>
<i>Italic Text</i>
<em>This text is emphasized</em>
<u>Underline Text</u>
<pre>Pre-formatted Text</pre>
<code>Source code</code>
<del>Deleted text</del>
<mark>Highlighted text (HTML5)</mark>
<ins>Inserted text</ins>
<sup>Makes text superscripted</sup>
<sub>Makes text subscripted</sub>
<small>Makes text smaller</small>
<kbd>Ctrl</kbd>
<blockquote>Text Block Quote</blockquote>

Headings

<h1> This is Heading 1 </h1>
<h2> This is Heading 2 </h2>
<h3> This is Heading 3 </h3>
<h4> This is Heading 4 </h4>
<h5> This is Heading 5 </h5>
<h6> This is Heading 6 </h6>

You should only have one h1 on your page

Section Divisions

<div></div>Division or Section of Page Content
<span></span>Section of text within other content
<p></p>Paragraph of Text
<br>Line Break
<hr>Basic Horizontal Line

These are the tags used to divide your page up into sections

Inline Frame {.row-span-2}

<iframe title="New York"
    width="342"
    height="306"
    id="gmap_canvas"
    src="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=2880%20Broadway,%20New%20York&t=&z=13&ie=UTF8&iwloc=&output=embed"
    scrolling="no">
</iframe>

↓ Preview

See: The Inline Frame element (opens in a new tab)

JavaScript in HTML

<script type="text/javascript">
    let text = "Hello CheatSheets.zip";
    alert(text);
</script>

External JavaScript

<body>
    ...
    
    <script src="app.js"></script>
</body>

CSS in HTML

<style type="text/css">
    h1 {
        color: purple;
    }
</style>

External stylesheet

<head>
...
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"/>
</head>

HTML5 Tags

Document

<body>
  <header>
    <nav>...</nav>
  </header>
  <main>
    <h1>CheatSheets.zip</h1>
  </main>
  <footer>
    <p>©2023 CheatSheets.zip</p>
  </footer>
</body>

Header Navigation

<header>
  <nav>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="#">Edit Page</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Twitter</a></li>
      <li><a href="#">Facebook</a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
</header>

HTML5 Tags {.row-span-4}

article (opens in a new tab)Content that’s independent
aside (opens in a new tab)Secondary content
audio (opens in a new tab)Embeds a sound, or an audio stream
bdi (opens in a new tab)The Bidirectional Isolate element
canvas (opens in a new tab)Draw graphics via JavaScript
data (opens in a new tab)Machine readable content
datalist (opens in a new tab)A set of pre-defined options
details (opens in a new tab)Additional information
dialog (opens in a new tab)A dialog box or sub-window
embed (opens in a new tab)Embeds external application
figcaption (opens in a new tab)A caption or legend for a figure
figure (opens in a new tab)A figure illustrated
footer (opens in a new tab)Footer or least important
header (opens in a new tab)Masthead or important information
main (opens in a new tab)The main content of the document
mark (opens in a new tab)Text highlighted
meter (opens in a new tab)A scalar value within a known range
nav (opens in a new tab)A section of navigation links
output (opens in a new tab)The result of a calculation
picture (opens in a new tab)A container for multiple image sources
progress (opens in a new tab)The completion progress of a task
rp (opens in a new tab)Provides fall-back parenthesis
rt (opens in a new tab)Defines the pronunciation of character
ruby (opens in a new tab)Represents a ruby annotation
section (opens in a new tab)A group in a series of related content
source (opens in a new tab)Resources for the media elements
summary (opens in a new tab)A summary for the <details> element
template (opens in a new tab)Defines the fragments of HTML
time (opens in a new tab)A time or date
track (opens in a new tab)Text tracks for the media elements
video (opens in a new tab)Embeds video
wbr (opens in a new tab)A line break opportunity

HTML5 Video

<video controls="" width="100%">
    <source src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/media/cc0-videos/flower.mp4" type="video/mp4">
    Sorry, your browser doesn't support embedded videos.
</video>

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HTML5 Audio

<audio controls
    src="https://interactive-examples.mdn.mozilla.net/media/cc0-audio/t-rex-roar.mp3">
    Your browser does not support the audio element.
</audio>

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HTML5 Ruby

<ruby>
  汉 <rp>(</rp><rt>hàn</rt><rp>)</rp>
  字 <rp>(</rp><rt>zì</rt><rp>)</rp>
</ruby>

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汉 (hàn) 字 (zì)

HTML5 kdi

<ul>
 <li>User <bdi>hrefs</bdi>: 60 points</li>
 <li>User <bdi>jdoe</bdi>: 80 points</li>
 <li>User <bdi>إيان</bdi>: 90 points</li>
</ul>

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  • User hrefs: 60 points
  • User jdoe: 80 points
  • User إيان: 90 points

HTML5 progress

<progress value="50" max="100"></progress>

HTML5 mark

<p>I Love <mark>CheatSheets.zip</mark></p>

I Love CheatSheets.zip

HTML Tables

Table Example {.row-span-2}

<table>
    <thead>
        <tr>
            <td>name</td>
            <td>age</td>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <td>Roberta</td>
            <td>39</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Oliver</td>
            <td>25</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

HTML Table Tags {.row-span-2}

TagDescription
<table> (opens in a new tab)Defines a table
<th> (opens in a new tab)Defines a header cell in a table
<tr> (opens in a new tab)Defines a row in a table
<td> (opens in a new tab)Defines a cell in a table
<caption> (opens in a new tab)Defines a table caption
<colgroup> (opens in a new tab)Defines a group of columns
<col> (opens in a new tab)Defines a column within a table
<thead> (opens in a new tab)Groups the header content
<tbody> (opens in a new tab)Groups the body content
<tfoot> (opens in a new tab)Groups the footer content

<td> Attributes

AttributeDescription
colspanNumber of columns a cell should span
headersOne or more header cells a cell is related to
rowspanNumber of rows a cell should span

See: td#Attributes (opens in a new tab)

<th> Attributes

AttributeDescription
colspanNumber of columns a cell should span
headersOne or more header cells a cell is related to
rowspanNumber of rows a cell should span
abbrDescription of the cell's content
scope (opens in a new tab)The header element relates to

See: th#Attributes (opens in a new tab)

HTML Lists

Unordered list

<ul>
    <li>I'm an item</li>
    <li>I'm another item</li>
    <li>I'm another item</li>
</ul>

See: The Unordered List element (opens in a new tab)

Ordered list

<ol>
    <li>I'm the first item</li>
    <li>I'm the second item</li>
    <li>I'm the third item</li>
</ol>

See: The Ordered List element (opens in a new tab)

Definition list

<dl>
    <dt>A Term</dt>
    <dd>Definition of a term</dd>
    <dt>Another Term</dt>
    <dd>Definition of another term</dd>
</dl>

See: The Description List element (opens in a new tab)

HTML Forms

Form tags {.row-span-2}

<form method="POST" action="api/login">
  <label for="mail">Email: </label>
  <input type="email" id="mail" name="mail">
  <br/>
  <label for="pw">Password: </label>
  <input type="password" id="pw" name="pw">
  <br/>
  <input type="submit" value="Login">
  <br/>
  <input type="checkbox" id="ck" name="ck">
  <label for="ck">Remember me</label>
</form>

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The HTML <form> element is used to collect and send information to an external source.

Form Attribute

AttributeDescription
nameName of form for scripting
actionURL of form script
methodHTTP method, POST / GET (default)
enctypeMedia type, See enctype (opens in a new tab)
onsubmitRuns when the form was submit
onresetRuns when the form was reset

Label tags

<!-- Nested label -->
<label>Click me 
<input type="text" id="user" name="name"/>
</label>
<!-- 'for' attribute -->
<label for="user">Click me</label>
<input id="user" type="text" name="name"/>

for in a label references an input's id attribute

Input tags

<label for="Name">Name:</label>
<input type="text" name="Name" id="">

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See: HTML input Tags

Textarea tags

<textarea rows="2" cols="30" name="address" id="address"></textarea>

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Textarea is a multiple-line text input control

Radio Buttons

<input type="radio" name="gender" id="m">
<label for="m">Male</label>
<input type="radio" name="gender" id="f">
<label for="f">Female</label>

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Radio buttons are used to let the user select exactly one

Checkboxes

<input type="checkbox" name="s" id="soc">
<label for="soc">Soccer</label>
<input type="checkbox" name="s" id="bas">
<label for="bas">Baseball</label>

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Checkboxes allows the user to select one or more

Select tags

<label for="city">City:</label>
<select name="city" id="city">
    <option value="1">Sydney</option>
    <option value="2">Melbourne</option>
    <option value="3">Cromwell</option>
</select>

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A select box is a dropdown list of options

Fieldset tags

<fieldset>
    <legend>Your favorite monster</legend>
    <input type="radio" id="kra" name="m">
    <label for="kraken">Kraken</label><br/>
    <input type="radio" id="sas" name="m">
    <label for="sas">Sasquatch</label>
</fieldset>

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Your favorite monster

Datalist tags(HTML5)

<label for="b">Choose a browser: </label>
<input list="list" id="b" name="browser"/>
<datalist id="list">
  <option value="Chrome">
  <option value="Firefox">
  <option value="Internet Explorer">
  <option value="Opera">
  <option value="Safari">
  <option value="Microsoft Edge">
</datalist>

↓ Preview

Submit and Reset Buttons

<form action="register.php" method="post">
  <label for="foo">Name:</label>
  <input type="text" name="name" id="foo">
  <input type="submit" value="Submit">
  <input type="reset" value="Reset">
</form>

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Submit the data to server; Reset to default values

HTML input Tags {.cols-2}

Input Attributes {.row-span-2}

The input tag is an empty element, identifying the particular type of field information to obtain from a user.

<input type="text" name="?" value="?" minlength="6"	 required />
-
type="…"The type of data that is being input
value="…"Default value
name="…"Used to describe this data in the HTTP request
id="…"Unique identifier that other HTML elements
readonlyStops the user from modifying
disabledStops any interaction
checkedThe radio or checkbox select or not
requiredBeing compulsory, See required (opens in a new tab)
placeholder="…"Adds a temporary, See ::placeholder (opens in a new tab)
autocomplete="off"Disable auto completion
autocapitalize="none"Disable auto capitalization
inputmode="…"Display a specific keyboard, See inputmode (opens in a new tab)
list="…"The id of an associated datalist (opens in a new tab)
maxlength="…"Maximum number of characters
minlength="…"Minimum number of characters
min="…"Minimum numerical value on range & number
max="…"Maximum numerical value on range & number
step="…"How the number will increment in range & number
pattern="…"Specifies a Regular expression, See pattern (opens in a new tab)
autofocusBe focused
spellcheckPerform spell checking
multipleWhether to allow multiple (opens in a new tab) values
accept=""Expected file type in file (opens in a new tab) upload controls
{.left-text}

Also see: Attributes for the <input> element (opens in a new tab)

Input types

type="checkbox"
type="radio"
type="file"
type="hidden"
type="text"
type="password"
type="image"
type="reset"
type="button"Button
type="submit"

New Input Types in HTML5

type="color"
type="date"
type="time"
type="month"
type="datetime-local"
type="week"
type="email"
type="tel"
type="url"
type="number"
type="search"
type="range"

Input CSS selectors

input:focusWhen its keyboard focused
See: Input pseudo classes

HTML meta Tags {.cols-2}

Meta tags {.row-span-3}

The meta tag describes meta data within an HTML document. It explains additional material about the HTML.

<meta charset="utf-8">
<!-- title -->
<title>···</title>
<meta property="og:title"  content="···">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="···">
<!-- url -->
<link rel="canonical"       href="https://···">
<meta property="og:url"  content="https://···">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://···">
<!-- description -->
<meta name="description"         content="···">
<meta property="og:description"  content="···">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="···">
<!-- image -->
<meta property="og:image"  content="https://···">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://···">
<!-- ua -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<!-- viewport -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=1024">

Open Graph

<meta property="og:type" content="website">
<meta property="og:locale" content="en_CA">
<meta property="og:title" content="HTML cheatsheet">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://cheatsheets.zip/html">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://xxx.com/image.jpg">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Name of your website">
<meta property="og:description" content="Description of this page">

Used by Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, LinkedIn, etc.

Twitter Cards

<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@FechinLi">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="HTML cheatsheet">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://cheatsheets.zip/html">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Description of this page">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://xxx.com/image.jpg">

See: Twitter Card Documentation (opens in a new tab)

Geotagging

<meta name="ICBM" content="45.416667,-75.7">
<meta name="geo.position" content="45.416667;-75.7">
<meta name="geo.region" content="ca-on">
<meta name="geo.placename" content="Ottawa">

See: Geotagging (opens in a new tab)

Also see

JSONChmod